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Many other Scientologist-run services and companies come from the umbrella organization World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which licenses making use of Hubbard's management teachings, and flows directory sites of WISE-affiliated businesses. WISE requires those who wish to end up being Hubbard management consults to complete training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be carried out at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the schools of the Hubbard College of Administration, which uses an Associate of Applied Science Degree.


Another widely known WISE-affiliated business is e. Republic, a publishing company based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications include Federal government Technology and Converge magazines. The Center for Digital Government is a division of e. Republic that was established in 1999 - Church of Scientology Perth. Web ISP EarthLink was established by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology business.


This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. In order to facilitate the ongoing growth of Scientology, the Church has actually made efforts to win allies in the form of powerful or highly regarded people. Though it has attained some trustworthiness as a religion in lots of nations, Scientology has actually likewise been referred to as both a cult and a company.

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For example, it has been kept in mind to take part in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by identifying as Level playing field people it views as its enemies. In 1979, a number of Scientology members were convicted for their involvement in the church's Operation Snow White, the largest theft of federal government documents in U.S.


Scientologists were also founded guilty of fraud, manslaughter and tampering with witnesses in French cases, malicious libel against legal representative Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Faiths in America, spiritual scholar Jacob Neusner specifies that Scientology's "high level of exposure" may be viewed as "threatening to developed social organizations".


From 1952 up until 1966, Scientology was administered by an organization called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS ACTUALLY), established in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS ended up being the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was integrated in California on February 18, 1954, changing its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the IRS removed all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, declaring Scientology's activities were commercial and operated for the advantage of Hubbard. Debate followed the church on those years, but its development continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in navigate here Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).




Centers of Scientology remained in 52 countries by the time the 80s can be found in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church took legal action against and lost repeatedly for 26 years trying to regain its tax-exempt status. The case was ultimately settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than Internal Revenue Service had at first demandedand the Internal Revenue Service recognized the church as a tax-exempt not-for-profit company.




Scientology cites its tax exemption as evidence the United States government accepts it as a religion. In January 2009, elimination of the tax exemption was ranked as number 9 in items for the incoming Barack Obama administration to examine, as determined in a web poll run by the governmental transition group getting public input for the incoming administration. Scientology Perth.

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State Department has criticized Western European countries for discrimination versus Scientologists in its released annual International Religious Flexibility report, based upon the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998. In some countries Scientology is dealt with legally as a company, and not as a religious beliefs or charitable company. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was granted a tax-exemption for the 10% license costs sent to the United States. site link The word Scientology (and lots of associated terms, consisting of L. Ron Hubbard) is a registered trademark. Religious Technology Center, the owner of the trademarks and copyrights, takes a difficult line on people and groups who try to utilize it in ways unaffiliated with the official Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard designated Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of certain aspects of legal security for the CoS in 1968 and the Workplace of The Guardian was produced with its head workplace positioned at Saint Hill Manor. Under The Guardian's Office (later renamed the Workplace of Unique Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted staff from Bureau One later arranged and dedicated among the largest penetration of United States federal agencies ever perpetrated see this page by an organization not associated with a foreign federal government (that is, one such as the KGB).




In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution described their actions as such: The criminal activity devoted by these offenders is of a breadth and scope previously unheard of. No structure, office, desk, or file was safe from their sleuthing and prying. No individual or organization was devoid of their despicable conspiratorial minds.

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The Church has also in the past utilized aggressive tactics in resolving those it sees as attempting to reduce them, called Suppressive Individuals (SPs) initially described by Hubbard as part of a policy called reasonable video game. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having authored, a 1970 expositions book about the Church and its creator.


Using blank paper understood to have been dealt with by Cooper, Scientologists forged bomb threats in her name. When finger prints on them matched hers, the Justice Department began prosecution, which might have sent out Cooper to prison for a prolonged term. The Church's strategy was discovered at the very same time as its Operation Snow White actions were revealed.